Arizona
Hostile
Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe:
the Arizona Supreme Court has ruled that the pre-Roe ban is enforceable, but it is not in effect. However, on May 2, 2024, the state repealed the ban; the repeal will not be effective until the fall.
Restrictions
On April 9, 2024, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled that the pre-Roe ban is enforceable.[1]Planned Parenthood v. Mayes, No. CV-23-0005-PR (Ariz. April 9, 2024). On May 2, 2024, the Arizona governor signed a bill repealing the ban.[2]H.B. 2677, 2024 Leg., Reg. Sess. (AZ. 20234) repealing ARIZ. REV. STAT. §13-3603. However, the repeal does not take effect until 90 days after the legislature adjourns sine die. There will be a period when the ban, which prohibits almost all abortions with a very limited life exception,[3]Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 13-3603, 13-3605 (formerly §§ 13-211, 13-213 (1956)) enjoined by Nelson v. Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson, 19 Ariz. App. 142, 505 P.2d 580 (1973), rev’d Planned … Continue reading will be in effect.
Arizona law retains gestational bans at fifteen weeks,[4]ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-232-36-2326. at twenty weeks gestational age, which is permanently enjoined,[5]ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-2159; Isaacson v. Horne, 716 F.3d 1213 (9th Cir. 2013). and after viability.[6]ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-2301.01. It also prohibits D&X procedures,[7]Id. § 13-3603.01. and abortions sought for reasons of race, sex, or “genetic abnormality”.[8]Id. § 13-3603.02(A). A federal court had granted a preliminary injunction against the “genetic abnormality” ban,[9]Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 2:21-cv-01417 (D. Ariz. Aug. 17, 2021) (order granting partial preliminary injunction). but this injunction was vacated on June 30, 2022.[10]Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 21-16645, No. 21-16711 (9th Cir., Jun. 30, 2022) (vacating District Court order and remanding the case for further proceedings in light of Dobbs). An appeal regarding this reason ban is currently pending before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.[11] Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 21-16645, No. 21-16711 (9th Cir., Nov. 26, 2021). A law that grants “personhood” to fetuses, embryos, and fertilized eggs is temporarily enjoined.[12]Id. § 1-219; Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 2:21-cv-01417 (D. Ariz. Jul. 11, 2022) (order granting preliminary injunction). Arizona law continues to include requirements that pregnant people must undergo a mandatory twenty-four-hour waiting period, biased counseling, and an ultrasound,[13]ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-2153; id. § 36-2156. and prohibitions on public funding[14]Id. § 35-196.02. and private insurance coverage.[15]Id. § 20-121. It continues to require that a parent, legal guardian,[16]Id. § 36-2152(A). or judge[17]Id. § 36-2152(B). consent to a minor’s abortion.
Arizona retains targeted regulation of abortion providers (TRAP) laws including requirements related to facilities,[18]Id. § 36-449.02; id. § 36-449.03; ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE § R9-10-1513; id. § R9-10-1515. admitting privileges,[19]ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-449.03 (C)(3)(a)-(b); ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE § R9-10-1501(1); id. § R9-10-1507(B)(2)-(3). and reporting.[20]ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-449.03(H); id. § 36-2161; id. § 36-2162; Ariz. Admin. Code § R9-10-1505(A). Arizona law continues to restrict the provision of surgical abortion care to licensed physicians.[21]Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 36-2155; id. § 36-2153(E); id. § 32-2531(B). Arizona still restricts providers from using telemedicine for the provision of abortion care.[22]Id. § 36-3604. Providers who violate Arizona’s abortion restrictions may face civil and criminal penalties.[23]See, e.g., ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 13-3603; id. § 36-2156(B)-(D); id. § 36-2152(I)-(J); id. § 13-3603.02.
State Protections
Arizona does not include express constitutional or statutory protections for abortion. To the contrary, Arizona’s laws include language indicating its policy preference to ban abortion to the fullest extent of the law, stating that all “shall be interpreted and construed to acknowledge, on behalf of an unborn child at every stage of development, all rights, privileges and immunities available to other persons, citizens and residents of the United States.”[24]Id. § 1-219.
In June 2023 the Arizona governor issued an executive order that centralizes authority over abortion-related prosecutions under the Attorney General, prohibits state agencies cooperation with out-of-state investigations and legal actions (including extradition) arising from the lawful provision of abortion in Arizona, and establishes the Advisory Council on Protecting Reproductive Freedom to make recommendations to expand access to reproductive health care in Arizona.[25] A.Z. Exec. Order, No. 2023-11 (June 22, 2023), azgovernor.gov/sites/default/files/executive_order_2023_11.pdf.
Post-Roe Prohibitions
Arizona has repealed its pre-Roe total ban,[26]H.B. 2677, 2024 Leg., Reg. Sess. (AZ. 20234) repealing ARIZ. REV. STAT. §13-3603; ARIZ. REV. STAT.(formerly § 13-211(1956)) enjoined by Nelson v. Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson, 19 Ariz. App. … Continue reading and repealed a law criminalizing people who self-manage their abortions.[27] Id. § 13-3604, repealed by 2021 Ariz. Sess. Laws Ch. 286, § 3. However, the state retains a pre-Roe ban on abortion advertising. [28]Id at § 13-3605 (formerly §13-213 (1956).
Conclusion
Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe, on April 9, 2024, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled that the pre-Roe ban is enforceable, but it is not in effect. However, on May 2, 2024, the state repealed the ban; the repeal will not be effective until the fall.
References
↑1 | Planned Parenthood v. Mayes, No. CV-23-0005-PR (Ariz. April 9, 2024). |
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↑2 | H.B. 2677, 2024 Leg., Reg. Sess. (AZ. 20234) repealing ARIZ. REV. STAT. §13-3603. |
↑3 | Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 13-3603, 13-3605 (formerly §§ 13-211, 13-213 (1956)) enjoined by Nelson v. Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson, 19 Ariz. App. 142, 505 P.2d 580 (1973), rev’d Planned Parenthood v. Brnovich, No. C127867 (Az. Super. Ct. Sept. 22, 2022), appeal filed, Planned Parenthood v. Brnovich, 2 CA-CV 2022-0116 (Ariz. Ct. App. Oct. 7, 2022) (injunction granted). |
↑4 | ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-232-36-2326. |
↑5 | ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-2159; Isaacson v. Horne, 716 F.3d 1213 (9th Cir. 2013). |
↑6 | ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-2301.01. |
↑7 | Id. § 13-3603.01. |
↑8 | Id. § 13-3603.02(A). |
↑9 | Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 2:21-cv-01417 (D. Ariz. Aug. 17, 2021) (order granting partial preliminary injunction). |
↑10 | Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 21-16645, No. 21-16711 (9th Cir., Jun. 30, 2022) (vacating District Court order and remanding the case for further proceedings in light of Dobbs). |
↑11 | Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 21-16645, No. 21-16711 (9th Cir., Nov. 26, 2021). |
↑12 | Id. § 1-219; Isaacson v. Brnovich, No. 2:21-cv-01417 (D. Ariz. Jul. 11, 2022) (order granting preliminary injunction). |
↑13 | ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-2153; id. § 36-2156. |
↑14 | Id. § 35-196.02. |
↑15 | Id. § 20-121. |
↑16 | Id. § 36-2152(A). |
↑17 | Id. § 36-2152(B). |
↑18 | Id. § 36-449.02; id. § 36-449.03; ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE § R9-10-1513; id. § R9-10-1515. |
↑19 | ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-449.03 (C)(3)(a)-(b); ARIZ. ADMIN. CODE § R9-10-1501(1); id. § R9-10-1507(B)(2)-(3). |
↑20 | ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 36-449.03(H); id. § 36-2161; id. § 36-2162; Ariz. Admin. Code § R9-10-1505(A). |
↑21 | Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 36-2155; id. § 36-2153(E); id. § 32-2531(B). |
↑22 | Id. § 36-3604. |
↑23 | See, e.g., ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 13-3603; id. § 36-2156(B)-(D); id. § 36-2152(I)-(J); id. § 13-3603.02. |
↑24 | Id. § 1-219. |
↑25 | A.Z. Exec. Order, No. 2023-11 (June 22, 2023), azgovernor.gov/sites/default/files/executive_order_2023_11.pdf. |
↑26 | H.B. 2677, 2024 Leg., Reg. Sess. (AZ. 20234) repealing ARIZ. REV. STAT. §13-3603; ARIZ. REV. STAT.(formerly § 13-211(1956)) enjoined by Nelson v. Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson, 19 Ariz. App. 142, 505 P.2d 580 (1973). |
↑27 | Id. § 13-3604, repealed by 2021 Ariz. Sess. Laws Ch. 286, § 3. |
↑28 | Id at § 13-3605 (formerly §13-213 (1956). |